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Explore key studies and inspiring stories on how agrivoltaics is reshaping farming and energy systems—
led by the best pioneers and experts in the field.
Agrivoltaics Research Site at Biosphere 2, University of Arizona
A University of Arizona study published in Nature Sustainability in 2019 showcases the potential of agrivoltaics—combining agriculture with solar panels—as a sustainable solution for food production, water conservation, and energy efficiency, especially in arid regions. Conducted at Biosphere 2, the research produced the following key findings:
Improved Crop Yields
Enhanced Water Use Efficiency
Boosted Energy Efficiency
Improved Labor Conditions
The study highlights agrivoltaics as a "win-win-win" for sustainable food, water, and energy systems, with further research ongoing to expand its applications.
Listen to Greg Barron-Gafford, the leader of this project, provide an overview of agrivoltaics and his research in a webinar with the AgriSolar Clearinghouse in February 2023.
Hear Greg discuss what led to this groundbreaking research, what's next and more in a podcast with the Clean Power Hour at the 2024 Solar Farm Summit.
A five-year study at two solar facilities on restored agricultural land in Minnesota revealed a 3X increase in insect populations, including pollinators, after native plants were introduced. The research highlights the potential of habitat-friendly solar sites to foster abundant biodiversity, support agricultural pollination, and mitigate land-use conflicts by combining solar energy development with ecosystem restoration.
As this field evolves, continued research at our national labs will help guide the future of ecovoltaics, offering new opportunities for integrating solar power with agricultural and environmental benefits.
"French agrivoltaics company Sun’Agri says that two of its facilities increased grape yields by 20% to 60% in 2024, compared to areas without solar panels."
By optimizing microclimates, agrivoltaics can not only boost grape yields but also improve wine quality while reducing resource use.
The North American Center for Saffron Research and Development’s multi-year study, conducted at a solar field in Burlington, Vermont, has highlighted the potential of agrivoltaics for growing high-value crops like saffron. The study found that saffron yields were significantly higher in areas located around the perimeter and aisles of the solar panels, with some plots producing up to 17 pounds per acre—worth nearly $200,000—while areas directly under the panels experienced a 30% decrease in yield. These results demonstrate the viability of combining solar energy production with saffron farming, offering valuable insights into maximizing land use in agrivoltaic systems.
Knowlton Family Farms in Grafton, Massachusetts, has renewed its viability by integrating solar energy with agriculture. This approach reintroduced cattle to the farm, grazing among solar panels, after dairy cows were sold in 1995. Owner Paul Knowlton highlights the benefits of year-round revenue and a sustainable, diverse farming system.
The National Center for Appropriate Technology’s (NCAT) AgriSolar Clearinghouse supports such partnerships, connecting stakeholders to resources that combine agriculture and solar. Featured in the NCAT film The Cows Come Home, the Knowlton Farm demonstrates how agrisolar preserves farmland and sustains family farms.
The Dual Harvest program at Garrett High School in DeKalb County, Indiana, combines agricultural, cross-curricular education with community service by growing food on a solar-powered farm to provide food boxes for local families in need. Students in the program are learning farming skills while creating instructional cooking videos, which will be accessed through QR codes on the food boxes. Set to launch in late 2024, the program aims to serve as a model for other high schools, blending agricultural career training with meaningful community impact.
See an update of the progress at Garrett High School in this webinar for educators!
Join the Colorado Agrivoltaic Learning Center in this discussion on integrating cattle within solar arrays. University of Minnesota's Brad Heins, University of Massachusetts Amherst's Stephen Herbert, EDF Renewables' Josh Bennett, and Huwa Enterprises' Brent Huwa share their experiences, insights, and future plans of integrating beef and dairy cows within solar arrays.
The Solar Shepherd highlights Dan Finnegan's family-owned farm in central Massachusetts where sheep and solar energy are raised together on the same land. Agrivoltaic partnerships like this are expanding across solar-suitable farmland in the U.S., offering farmers new revenue streams, providing clean energy to local communities, and benefiting crops, livestock, and pollinators.
White Oak Pastures is a regenerative farm in Bluffton, Georgia, known for its integration of livestock production, land management, and environmental care. The farm uses practices like rotational grazing with sheep and cattle under solar panels to promote ecosystem health and restore soil, all while raising a variety of animals and crops. Their approach focuses on improving land productivity and supporting long-term ecological balance.
Jack's Solar Garden in Longmont, Colorado, is a leading agrivoltaics project combining solar energy production with agricultural research and community engagement. Spanning 24 acres, it supports crop growth beneath solar panels, fosters pollinator habitats, and provides renewable energy to local households while serving as an educational hub for sustainable practices.
Solar Harvest, an agrivoltaics research and community solar project near Portland, Oregon, integrates large-scale farming with utility-scale solar. A collaboration between the Oregon Clean Power Cooperative and Oregon State University, it conducts rigorous research comparing crops under solar panels to those in open fields. The project supports local schools, powers nearby communities, and advances studies on soil, pollinators, forage crops, and wildlife.
This agrivoltaics project combines commercial farming with solar energy on Joe Czajkowski's third-generation farm in the Pioneer Valley. The 445kW DC array powers the farm, provides energy to 17 low-income subscribers, and meets MA SMART Program standards. Seamlessly integrated with Joe's farming practices, it showcases successful farmer-developer collaboration with plans for more agrivoltaic projects.
Big River Farms, a Minnesota-based nonprofit supporting immigrant farmers, has successfully integrated solar energy with farming practices by utilizing solar arrays that also support pollinator habitats. This collaboration between solar developers, contractors and community leaders ensures long-term land access for farmers, enriching the soil and fostering healthy ecosystems while providing a stable livelihood for immigrant farmers.
The Black Cat Agrivoltaics Project in Massachusetts integrates cranberry farming with solar energy by placing panels above crops, optimizing land use. This approach generates clean energy, conserves water with shade, and, with added energy storage, ensures a reliable energy supply for both agriculture and clean energy.
The Montgomery Sheep Farm in Biscoe, North Carolina, showcases how solar farms can integrate agriculture, agritourism, and rural hospitality. Hosting over 500 animals and powered by a mix of on-site solar arrays and Tesla batteries, the farm supports livestock grazing, clean energy education, and community events while maintaining its commitment to sustainable practices and animal welfare standards.
The Mammoth Solar Project in Indiana is a 13,000-acre facility combining renewable energy production with agrivoltaics and pollinator habitat, supporting crops like popcorn, hay, and melons, alongside livestock such as sheep and pigs. This $1.5 billion project will generate 1.3 GW of power, enough for 275,000 homes, and is backed by long-term agreements with major industry leaders, highlighting its impact on both energy and agriculture.
The Skipjack Solar Project in Charles City, Virginia, generates over 350,000 megawatt-hours of clean energy annually while incorporating dual-use innovations like sheep and goat grazing for sustainable land management. This approach supports agricultural activity, promotes land stewardship, and provides an additional revenue source for the community.
The Houston Solar Farm in Elko, Georgia, integrates solar energy with regenerative grazing, addressing challenges in the Southeastern sheep industry while restoring land health. Through Silicon Ranch’s $110M investment and Regenerative Energy® platform, the project generates clean power for 11,000 Georgia homes annually, supports local jobs and tax revenues, and pioneers efforts to strengthen the U.S. sheep industry and sustainable farming under solar panels.
Celebrate excellence in dual-use solar development by nominating a standout project or leader for the North American Agrivoltaics Awards. Join us in recognizing innovation and impact as finalists are selected by the host committee, and ultimate winners—determined by public and committee vote—are honored on stage at the Solar Farm Summit.
Dan French, Executive Producer at Solar Farm Summit
A SOLAR FARM SUMMIT LLC PRODUCTION
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